Archiv 1/1996

Abstrakt

The “cartel party” is portrayed as characteristic of a fourth stage of party development. It differs from the other three types (“elite party”, “mass party”, “catch-all party”) by the interpenetration of party and state and by a pattern of inter-party collusion. The cartel party is the stratarchy in the organisation of the party: local officeholders and the national party elite act relatively independently from each other. This mutual autonomy, gives the party elite the possibility of securing its own dominant position. Atomized membership is a weak basis for the mobilization of challenges. Party work and party campaigning is professionalized and capital intensive. The emergence of the cartel party has implications also for the party system as a whole. The cartel gains privileged access to state - regulated channels of communication and to public subsidies. Therefore it has the recources to prevent the entry of newcomers in the party system.

Klíčová slova

Cartel party, elite party, mass party, catch-all party

Abstrakt

The contribution is about theoretical issues connected with the research in the Christian parties in Western Europe. The author opens with specifying the theoretical approaches which enable us to define the type of Christian party while putting stress on the fact that an adequate typology can only be attained by combining the functional with nominal criterias and by taking into consideration the historical dimension. The second part of the contribution deals with the theoretical conceptions that can be instrumental in explaining the contemporary developments of Christian parties. The author analyses-the possibilities of application of the theoretical conceptions of cleavages and of social moral milieus, and demonstrates that the purpose of explaining the different dynamics in the developments of Christian Democratic parties require that an additional aspect be added to these theoretical approaches. This aspect concerns the position of the particular Christian party in the party systems of the respective state.

Klíčová slova

Christian political party, western europe, christian party, christian Democratic party

Abstrakt

At the beginning, the author is concerned with the definition of representative democracy and the representative mandate. Contemporary understanding of the representative’s mandate is denned by a tension between the role of a parliamentarian as a representative of the whole population and a parliamentarian as a representative of the interests of a particular political party. This tension is partly reflected in the position of parliamentary caucuses in the Parliament. In the following part, a parliamentarian’s immunity is described. Legal regulation and its application in the Czech Republic is criticized in this context, because the immunities are understood very extensively; i.e. not as a privilege of the Parliament but as a personal privilege of a member of the Parliament. Finally, the author deals with the constitutional aspects of the so called rotation principle (in some political parties the person representing the party in the parliament is exchanged after some time) and the right of giving up (i.e. the parliamentarians sign an affidavit prior to becoming MP's stating that in case of their quitting the political party they will also return the mandate and their seat in the Chamber).

Klíčová slova

Parliament, mandate, representative democracy

Abstrakt

The article “A Proposal for a Change in the Slovak Constitution”, is a contribution to a discussion on the application and change of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic. The author takes the position that it is appropriate to change the Slovak Constitution, because it is not a constitution with a long tradition (enacted in 1992). Already in this short period of time, some of its deficiencies have surfaced. The author proposes a change with respect to the form of government, i.e. strengthening the parliamentary democracy elements by removing the remnants of the Czechoslovak form of government (instituting the possibility of the dissolution of the parliament, the process of enacting the laws in a state of emergency, and the recodification of the rights of the Council of the Defence of the State in a state of emergency). The author also proposes to change the Presidents’ political responsibility to the Parliament (the direct vote, the canceling of Parliamentary right to recall the President) and to strengthen the presidents’ position in relation to the government, even though the proposal does not exceed the limits of parliamentary democracy. In the final part there is a text of an amendment changing the contemporary Constitution of the Slovak Republic (460/1992 Sb.).

Klíčová slova

Slovak republic, constitution, change

Abstrakt

The article deals with the relationship between the Council of Europe and Russia, more precisely with Russia’s accession to this pan-European organization. From the chronological point of view, it describes the procedure and debate in the organization’s Parliamentary Assembly including the final vote about Russia's application as well as that of the Committee of Ministers, the Council of Europe's executive body, whose Chairman in May-November 1995 was the Czech Republic. In its next part the article describes the so-called “commitments” or “obligations” of the Russian Federation that are linked with its membership and “imposed” on it by the organization. The final part mentions the amount of Russia’s financial contribution to the Councilor Europe’s budget and quotes contradictory opinions regarding the accession of the Russian Federation.

Klíčová slova

Council of europe and russia, russian federation

Abstrakt

The paper provides an analysis of the position and role of radical nationalist forces in the system of political parties in the autonomous region of Euskadi (the Basque country) in Spam. It argues that Basque nationalist parties and groupings (PNV,. HB, EE and later EA) have played an essential part in the making of this system in the late 1970s and in the early 1980s and that they have determined its character. Party fragmentation, bilateral and multipolar oppositions, competitive drives and mechanics of the Basque party system, as well as the key role and center positioning of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) could be explained only with regard to peculiar interactions among various nationalist: and non-nationalist actors. Last but not least, the existence of relevant nationalist forces within the Basque party system is the condition for its maintaining and preserving itself as a proper sub-national party system with distinctive features of its own.

Klíčová slova

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Klíčová slova

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A central concern of contemporary political philosophy is the quest for a postmodern theory of the “polical”. This is the problem of determining what concept of the political, if any, can accommodate the extreme diversity that is the main feature of contemporary western life. The most novel response to this challenge is what might be called the agonal theory of the political. Agonal theory claims to provide a concept of the political more sensitive to difference than either the right-based theorizing characteristic of liberalism, or the quest for communicative rationality associated in particular with Habermas. As examples of the agonal concept of the political, the related versions offered by Bonnie Honig and William Connolly are particularly illuminating. Both versions are examined critically and found wanting in this essay.

Klíčová slova

Agonal theory, political, political philosophy

Abstrakt

Maxmilián Strmiska (1995). Italské politické strany (1945 - 1994), Brno: Masarykova univerzita.

Klíčová slova

Abstrakt

Amitai Etzioni (1995). Morální dimenze ekonomiky, Praha: Victoria Publishing.

Klíčová slova

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Palle Svensson (1995). Teorie demokracie, Brno: Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury, 230 stran.

Klíčová slova

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Petr Fiala (1995). Německá politologie, Brno: Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury, 294 stran.

Klíčová slova

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Arthur Rich (1994). Etika hospodářství, Praha: Oikoymenh, 375 stran.

Klíčová slova

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H. Peyton Jung (1994). Equity in Theory and Practice, New Jersey: Princenton University Press, 238 stran.

Klíčová slova

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Klíčová slova

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Klíčová slova

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Klíčová slova

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Klíčová slova

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Klíčová slova